Pharmaceutical care services for people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil: a scoping review of health-related outcomes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60103/phc.v28.e919Keywords:
Drug-related problem; Evaluation of Results; Evidence-Based Pharmacy Practice; Human Immuno-deficiency Virus; Pharmaceutical Services; Treatment Adherence.Abstract
Objective: To identify pharmaceutical care services provided to individuals living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil and their associated outcomes.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and LILACS. Studies were eligible if they reported at least one pharmaceutical care service for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Extracted variables included city, setting, study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, type of pharmaceutical services, outcomes assessed, measurement methods, sample size, sex, age, and main findings.
Results: Twelve studies (15 publications) were included, with a total of 1,962 participants, most of whom were male (n = 1,321). Cross-sectional (n = 4) and cohort (n = 4) designs predominated, and most studies were conducted in specialized HIV/AIDS care services (n = 8). The pharmaceutical care services consisted of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up (n = 12), medication review (n = 5), and health education (n = 2). Reported outcomes comprised clinical improvements, such as increased CD4+ cell count and reduced viral load, as well as process outcomes, including improved treatment adherence and fewer drug-related problems following pharmacist-led interventions. Humanistic and economic outcomes were less frequently assessed and included participant satisfaction and empowerment, quality of life, and reduction of healthcare costs. Formal integration of pharmacists into multidisciplinary teams was reported in one study.
Conclusions: In Brazil, pharmacotherapeutic follow-up was the most frequently reported pharmaceutical care service for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. These services were associated with improvements in clinical and process outcomes. Evidence on humanistic and economic outcomes remains limited, highlighting an important gap for future research.
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